การพระศาสนา
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- Published: 16 November 2020
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นี้ ที่พร้อมไว้ทาทองแต่วันก่อนโน้น
ThisTheReadyPreparedForGoldenGild
(bunchar.com การพระศาสนา 20201109_1)
ที่ #ช่างถมเมืองนคร ทำกันสืบมา และไม่มีที่ไหนในไทยทุกวันนี้ทำกัน
แต่หลายรูปปฏิมา อาทิ #พระสุโขทัยไตรมิตร ก็น่าจะทำด้วยวิธีนี้
อ๊อดบอกว่า น่าจะสืบมาจากทางโลกตะวันตก เลยอินเดียไปทางตุรกีไหม ?
ในวิกิพีเดีย ที่ อ.
Dumrong Leenanuruksa
กรุณาค้นส่งมาให้ บอกไว้ว่าอย่างนี้ ...1 Origins and spread ... #Herodotus mentions that the #Egyptians gilded wood and metals, and many such objects have been excavated. Certain #Ancient_Greek_statues of great prestige were chryselephantine, i.e., made of gold (for the clothing) and ivory (for the flesh); these however, were constructed with sheets of gold over a timber framework, not gilded. Extensive ornamental gilding was also used in the ceiling coffers of the #Propylaea. #Pliny_the_Elder informs us that the first gilding seen at #Rome was after the destruction of #Carthage, under the censorship of #Lucius_Mummius, when the Romans began to gild the ceilings of their temples and palaces, the Capitol being the first place on which this process was used. But he adds that luxury advanced on them so rapidly that in very little time you might see all, even private and poor people, gild the walls, vaults, and other parts of their dwellings. Owing to the comparative thickness of the gold leaf used in ancient gilding, the traces of it that remain are remarkably brilliant and solid. #Fire_gilding of metal goes back at least to the 4th century BC, and was known to #Pliny (33,20,64–5), #Vitruvius (8,8,4) and in the Early Mediaeval period to #Theophilus (De Diversis Artibus Book III).
In Europe, silver-gilt has always been more common than gilt-bronze, but in #China the opposite has been the case. The ancient Chinese also developed the gilding of porcelain, which was later taken up by the French and other European potters.
สรุปคือ มีมาแต่อียิปต์ กรีก โรมัน และ คาร์เทจ ที่ #ย่านโลกเมดิเตอเรเนียน เมื่อสองหรือสามพันปีโน่น #พลินีผู้เฒ่า คนที่ตายตอนภูเขาไฟวิสุเวียสระเบิดถล่มปอมเปอีกับเฮอรคิวเลเนียมก็ระบุถึงไว้ โดยเฉพาะเทคนิคเดียวกันนี้
โดยวิกิพีเดียระบุว่า ทุกวันนี้มีวิธี อาบเคลือบทาทอง หลายวิธี ทั้งแบบเชิงกล เชิงเคมี และ เซรามิก
2 Processes
2.1 Mechanical
2.2 Chemical 2.2.1 Cold 2.2.2 Wet 2.2.3 Fire 2.2.4 Depletion
2.3 Ceramics
ใครสนใจตามไปอ่านเองได้ในนี้ ... Gilding
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding
และทิ้งท้ายว่าวิธีแบบเผาลนไล่ปรอทที่ทำกันที่นคร อย่างที่คณะนี้ทำนี้นั้นอันตรายมากมาย และเลิกทำกันแล้วเป็นส่วนใหญ่ ...
Fire-gilding or Wash-gilding is a process by which an amalgam of gold is applied to metallic surfaces, the mercury being subsequently volatilized, leaving a film of gold or an amalgam containing 13 to 16% mercury. In the preparation of the amalgam, the gold must first be reduced to thin plates or grains, which are heated red-hot, and thrown into previously heated mercury, until it begins to smoke. When the mixture is stirred with an iron rod, the gold is totally absorbed. The proportion of mercury to gold is generally six or eight to one. When the amalgam is cold, it is squeezed through chamois leather to separate the superfluous mercury; the gold, with about twice its weight of mercury, remains behind, forming a yellowish silvery mass with the consistency of butter.
When the metal to be gilded is wrought or chased, it ought to be covered with mercury before the amalgam is applied, that this may be more easily spread; but when the surface of the metal is plain, the amalgam may be applied to it directly. When no such preparation is applied, the surface to be gilded is simply bitten and cleaned with nitric acid. A deposit of mercury is obtained on a metallic surface by means of quicksilver water, a solution of mercury(II) nitrate, the nitric acid attacking the metal to which it is applied, and thus leaving a film of free metallic mercury.
The amalgam being equally spread over the prepared surface of the metal, the mercury is then sublimed by a heat just sufficient for that purpose; for, if it is too great, part of the gold may be driven off, or it may run together and leave some of the surface of the metal bare. When the mercury has evaporated, which is known by the surface having entirely become of a dull yellow color, the metal must undergo other operations, by which the fine gold color is given to it. First, the gilded surface is rubbed with a scratch brush of brass wire, until its surface is smooth.
It is then covered with gilding wax, and again exposed to fire until the wax is burnt off. Gilding wax is composed of beeswax mixed with some of the following substances: red ochre, verdigris, copper scales, alum, vitriol, and borax. By this operation the color of the gilding is heightened, and the effect seems to be produced by a perfect dissipation of some mercury remaining after the former operation. The gilt surface is then covered over with potassium nitrate, alum or other salts, ground together, and mixed into a paste with water or weak ammonia. The piece of metal thus covered is exposed to heat, and then quenched in water.
By this method, its color is further improved and brought nearer to that of gold, probably by removing any particles of copper that may have been on the gilt surface. This process, when skillfully carried out, produces gilding of great solidity and beauty, but owing to the exposure of the workmen to mercurial fumes, it is very unhealthy. There is also much loss of mercury to the atmosphere, which brings extremely serious environmental concerns as well.
This method of gilding metallic objects was formerly widespread, but fell into disuse as the dangers of mercury toxicity became known. Since fire-gilding requires that the mercury be volatilized to drive off the mercury and leave the gold behind on the surface, it is extremely dangerous. Breathing the fumes generated by this process can quickly result in serious health problems, such as neurological damage and endocrine disorders, since inhalation is a very efficient route for mercuric compounds to enter the body. This process has generally been supplanted by the electroplating of gold over a nickel substrate, which is more economical and less dangerous.
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๙ พย.๖๓ ๐๗๓๔ น.
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